leukemia patients
Leukemia is a neoplastic disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic cells.
Classification of leukemia are divided into two major groups, which are marked with the finding of mature white blood cells that prominently - Agranulosit (leukemia granuosit / mielositi) or (limpfositik). This classification is based on morphological cell differentiation and maturation of leukemia cells were predominant in the bone marrow and sitokimiawi (Gralnick, 1977; Dabich, 1980, Price, 1995). Calcification can also be used as a picture of variants in clinical manifestations, prognosis and treatment.
When viewed from the process of blood cell differentiation and classification of leukemia limfoblastik mieloblastik can be seen in the chart below:
Although leukemia attacked both sexes, but men attacked a bit more than women. Lymphocytic leukemia, acute particularly striking children aged in less than 15 years, with a peak at age 2-4 years.
The cause of leukemia is unclear until now has not known with certainty, but the estimated genetic and environmental influences play an important role. Genetic factors can be seen in the high cases of leukemia in monozygotic twins.
Environmental factors such contacts with ionizing radiation accompanied by manifestations of leukemia arise many years later. Chemicals such as: benzene, arsenic, chloramphenicol, fenilbutazone, and antineoplastic agent, is associated with an increased frequency, particularly alkyl agents. Agent HTLV-1 virus from T cell leukemia for a long time can cause leukemia.
Either acute leukemia or mielositik granulositik is a type of leukemia is more common in adults. Clinical manifestations associated with diminished or absence of hematopoietic cells (Clarkson, 1983). Signs and symptoms of acute leukemia associated with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. This is a severe infection accompanied by the emergence of recurrent ulcers on mucous membranes, perirektal abscesses, pneumonia, septicemia accompanied by chills, fever, and tachypnea tachikardi. Trombositopenis cause uncontrolled bleeding. The bones may be painful and tender. Anemia is not an early manifestation of erythrocytes caused by a long life. Symptoms of anemia in the form of headache, malaise, and dyspnea time exhausting physical labor. Pensitopenia can occur after chemotherapy.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), most commonly affects children under 15 years and peaked at age 2-4 years. ALL manifestation of limfoblas abnormal proliferation in the bone marrow and extra medular places such as lymph nodes and spleen. Signs and symptoms associated with an emphasis on the element - the element of normal bone marrow. Therefore, infection, bleeding and anemia is a major manifestation. Another sign of lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, bone pain, headache, vomiting, seizures, impaired vision. Laboratory data in the form of leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, platelets and low red blood cell, bone marrow hiperseluler back.
